Woke up and decided to see where we were flying. Floated over to the globe indicator — the USSR. Got dressed and went to the window. We were just approaching the Volga from the north; the space from the Caucasus to the Aral Sea and farther to Lake Balkhash is very clearly visible. I managed to observe the Astrakhan arch; saw a lot of interesting things. On the next orbit I looked again. Wrote everything down, marked it on the map, reported to the ground during the communication session, and asked them to call a geologist. When he arrived, I told him that the arch, based on my observations, extends toward the Aral Sea, and from there the line of the Ural Mountains is visible all the way to the Aral. By my estimate, the arch occupies the space between the Volga and the line of the Ural Mountains, up to Orsk and Orenburg. A similar pattern is observed in North Africa in the form of dark spots with swirls. The geologist, Vladimir Viktorovich, said this was very interesting. And it becomes more and more fascinating for me too, when you understand the Earth, look at it consciously, and can do something useful. The guys at TsUP calculated my measurement points — the ones I’d made with the sextant — and compared my calculations against the ground data on a map. The accuracy is within 0.2 degrees.
Diary of a Cosmonaut